فصلنامه شهر پایدار
سال چهارم شماره 2 (پیاپی 14، تابستان 1400)

Improving people's thermal comfort in outdoor spaces is one of the most important goals of achieving the desirable design in these spaces. Today, the issue of thermal comfort in the " manufactured environment" is considered as a vital factor that affects health and the level of mental comfort of urban residents. Special attention to the issue of thermal comfort of people in outdoor spaces is of fundamental importance due to its direct impact on cognitive function and efficiency and as an important principle, it should be considered in the process of designing open urban spaces. Because comfortable outdoor spaces within urban fabrics can provide opportunities for people to participate and increase their social participation. Residential textures, as the core of urban areas, require high energy to meet the cooling and comfort needs of their residents. Also, this challenge stems from the undesirable design of these textures in modern times. It is essential to control "local micro- climate" in order to achieve the thermal comfort of the residents. The aim of this study was to investigate the micro-climate conditions of old and middle textures of Shiraz city on a summer day with extreme heat stress, so that during the hottest hour of the day, the correlation between the geometry of old and middle textures with comfort index Thermal "PMV" was measured and the thermal comfort conditions in the old and middle textures were studied.

In order to conduct the present research, descriptive-analytical research method has been used in the context of library studies and quantitative measurement using two software ENVI-met 4 basic and SPSS. The most important advantage of this software is that it is one of the first models that seeks to produce the main processes in the atmosphere and calculates all the important meteorological factors. "Envi-met" software has been used in various studies, but in this study, the research method of those studies that have provided a basis for conducting our research has been studied. The aim of this research is to measure the thermal comfort on a hot summer day with the maximum air temperature in different climates, all studies have been done using " Envi-met " software and have been mainly based on "simulation". In this study, a simulation for the date of 21 July in the "thirty-year period" was performed. For this purpose, the weather data entered into the " Envi-met " software based on the 30-year weather data taken from the official sites of Shiraz city and using Autodesk Ecotect software for an average of 30 years, 21 July has been taken to simulate the hourly output that has been entered into the " Envi-met " software for date of "21 July ". The "PMV" thermal comfort index for the selected areas located in the old and middle textures was extracted between 9 am and 16 pm and specifically at 15 pm with maximum temperature. Then, using "SPSS" statistical software to analyze the correlation between air temperature variables (° C), wind speed (m/s), relative humidity (%), Mean radiant temperature (° C) and urban geometry parameter "Sky view factor" with the "PMV" thermal comfort index at 15:00 pm in each of the "old and middle" textures.

According to statistical analyzes and results obtained in both textures, it was found that in the middle texture, the correlation rate of "PMV" thermal comfort index with the variables of "Sky view factor" coefficient (0.885) and" Mean radiant temperature" (0.689) and in the old texture has a strong and positive correlation between "PMV" thermal comfort index and "wind speed" (0.935) and "Sky view factor" (0.762). It can be said that "Sky view factor" coefficient as one of the components of urban texture geometry in both textures, has a very positive and direct correlation with "PMV" thermal comfort index. Also, according to the obtained outputs related to the thermal comfort index "PMV", in the old and middle texture and according to the 7-degree ASHRAE standard (ASHRAE Standard 55,2004: 2) related to the "PMV" index was determined. The old texture feels less heat stress than the middle texture between 9 a.m. and 16 p.m., and especially at 15 p.m. And it is in the range of more thermal comfort, which is due to the special geometric features of the old texture, such as the street orientation, aspect ratio and sky view factor compared to the middle texture.

According to the results obtained related to the thermal comfort index "PMV", the selected points in both old and middle textures were determined that the old texture studied in time intervals and according to the Ashri standard, is in the range of low and medium heat stress and has more thermal comfort than the middle texture. Thus, the old and middle textures with their specific spatial layout, absorb different amounts of solar energy during the day and as a result, different levels of thermal comforts are created that organic urban layouts, such as old texture with higher levels of shading, are more efficient during the summer and provide more thermal comfort.

Establishing an appropriate level of social interaction in the environment as one of the components affecting the quality of life is influenced by the characteristics of the man-made environment. What most human and environmental research on interactions has examined is collective interactions in the public sphere. Environmental design and space organization is an influential factor in the amount of social interactions. This issue has been tested for many years; the way of organizing residential environments is no exception, but due to the close relationship between people and these environments, the need to pay more attention to them is felt. For this purpose, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the role of effective components on the promotion of social interactions in terms of physical and perceptual-psychological in public spaces of residential complexes. Meanwhile, the main question raised in the present study is which of the physical and perceptual-psychological characteristics can be effective in significantly increasing the level of social interactions in the collective areas designed in residential complexes and whether there is a dialectical connection between these categories or not. In fact, it seems that in residential complexes, the main purpose of construction and the main approach of designers in determining the location pattern of blocks, has been the emphasis on housing and residential use in general. Therefore, by focusing on the issue of housing, residential use, and in general, the quality design of private spaces, as it should be, the design of collapsible public spaces, the creation of multi-functional spaces, and finally the creation of grounds for cohesion and social identity, have not been considered or at least the mentioned issues have not been in the center of attention and at the top of the goals of the designers of residential complexes. At the same time, one of the requirements for creating quality residential spaces is to pay attention to creating collectible, lively and guaranteeing public interactions, along with proper and principled design of private spaces. Meanwhile, based on the studies conducted in this study, clearly that some components and physical and perceptual qualitative characteristics can be effective in the occurrence of social interactions in public spaces of residential complexes. Accordingly, the novelty of this study is to measure the impact of each physical and perceptual components in strengthening social interactions and also to examine the quality level of these components in each studied residential complexes in this research thus, by creating a meaningful link between theory and practice, to provide a basis for the most important executive strategies effective on increasing the quality level of the studied components in residential complexes and finally, a usable theoretical and practical framework for emphasizing collective life alongside private life and the creation of collectible public spaces that support the emergence of social interactions in the residential complex design process; prepare for designers. Adaptation of public places in residential complexes, besides improving the quality of the residential environment, can greatly increase the interactions and social relations between residents. If these spaces meet the individual and social needs and desires of the residents, part of the living activities can be transferred from the indoor space to the outdoor space of the complexes and the living deficiencies in the small residential units can be compensated. Understanding this issue, the main issue of the present study is the role of physical and perceptual-psychological components of public spaces in promoting social interactions in residential complexes in District 22 of Tehran.

The present research is quantitative-qualitative and has an applied nature and the method of doing it is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the study is the residents of Parsia, Baran and Erfan residential complexes in the 22nd metropolitan area of Tehran. The sample size was calculated based on Cochran's formula equal to 359 people. The method of data collection is field-library method (observation and researcher-made questionnaire). SPSS software and structural equation modeling in AMOS environment were used for data analysis.

Findings showed that there is a significant relationship between physical variables and social interactions with a coefficient of 0.315. Also, there is a significant relationship between the two perceptual-psychological variables with the social interaction variable equal to 0.666. The significant relationship between the two physical variables and the perceptual-psychological variable was calculated to be 0.590. The factor load of the regression coefficient of the effect of physical and perceptual components on social interactions is 0.567 and 0.736, respectively.

According to the research findings, the effect of the above variables on social interactions is confirmed at a high level. Based on the results of modeling structural equations, it was determined that the physical components are the sequence of open and semi-open spaces, form and function, environment, color and light used in spaces, scale and dimensions of public areas and location components, respectively, are the most important components of social interaction in residential complexes. By examining each of these components and the application of strategies and related executive strategies in the public spaces of residential complexes, it is expected that the level of social interaction of residents will soar.

Increased population, economic development of societies, the rapid growth of cities, and lack of attention to natural areas are the factors causing degradation of natural zones surrounded by urban texture, and environmental issues. Ignorance of tourism potentials of urban ecological areas and lack of tourism management in district 9 of Isfahan have led to degradation of some gardens and agricultural lands, as well as non-optimal use of natural attractions over recent years. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the management status of urban ecological textures in district 9 of Isfahan, Iran.

The present research is applied and descriptive-analytical in terms of purpose and method, respectively. Regarding the study field, research method, and diverse aspects of the studied subjects, a hybrid method of bibliographic (using books, statistical references, and observing the studied texture) and field studies (map of current and past situation, questionnaire, and interview) were used. The statistical population comprised District 9 of Isfahan Municipality, and the sample size included 15 managers and experts in urban ecologic textures of Isfahan. The study was conducted using the STAR method.

Findings in the field of texture management in District 9 of Isfahan show that in terms of legislation, currently the law of Article 14 of the Municipal Land, Clean Air Law, Law on Preservation and Expansion of Green Space in cities for tissue management has been approved. Municipality and Agriculture Ministry are responsible for texture management planning which Municipality prevents any illegal construction through control and surveillance patrols. The agriculture Ministry also monitors and controls these lands. Regarding resources management, Municipality allocates a part of toll revenues to the development and preservation of Nazhvan Zone. According to the findings of ecologic texture in District 9 of Isfahan, this texture is managed and protected by the Agriculture Ministry and Municipality, Environment Organization, Regional Water Organization, and Ministry of Energy. The current situation of the ecologic texture of District 9 is not optimal in terms of development and urban upgrading. Furthermore, the relevant rules are not efficient, and people cannot use their land optimally. According to findings associated with ecotourism in District 9, some factors have caused improper economic situation of studied texture. These factors include lack of ownership rights of farmers who cannot benefit from revenues of agricultural and horticultural products, lack of tourist attraction plans for the development of ecotourism and agricultural tourism, absence of medicinal plants and gardens to develop this industry and its financial benefits. This area presents considerable social characteristics so that neighbours have indigenous and rural structures with neighbor-oriented culture, local communities, and family relations near the construction and neighbouring blocks. On the other hand, all measures and actions are pursued by trustees in neighbourhood. Environmental features of the studied district can be seen in the Zayandeh Rud River, surrounding areas, streams, rivers, and Madis (rivers that join the streams), Atashgah Mountain, etc. Cultural characteristics also include indigenous and neighbourhood texture with local customs.

Results indicated inappropriate current management situation of the ecological texture of District 9 in Isfahan. According to obtained results of t-value, mean values of texture management (-7.15), ecological management (-0.13), and ecotourism (-9.15) were significantly lower than the average rate of 3 (Sig≤0.05). Therefore, the obtained t-values proved the non-optimal management situation of all three dimensions of texture management, ecological management, and ecotourism in District 9 of Isfahan. The results also signified that the weakness in the regulations, lack of proper planning and negligence of the principled land uses have caused the region’s ecological situation to be presently not desirable. In this study, a model has been offered and its application can be accompanied by positive results for the improvement of ecotourism management in district 9. Based thereon, for better management of the ecological textures, especially in district 9 of Isfahan’s municipality, attention should be paid to the aspects of urban texture, ecological texture and ecotourism management. Therefore, it is necessary for managers to recognize and analyze the current situation in these dimensions, and pay attention to them in planning. Accordingly, some strategies must be adopted to improve ecotourism management of urban ecological textures of District 9 in Isfahan. These strategies include improving structure quality, coordinating associated organizations, participation of people in comprehensive tourism plan, protecting resources and security, exploiting ownership rights and economic revenues, promoting quality of natural spaces and areas, and developing ecological zones.

The city as a human living environment must have the ability to create a perception of spatial identity, a sense of belonging and a perception of beauty, which are closely related to each other. In the meantime, buildings, cultural spaces, social arenas and in general, any element that is desirable and provides a suitable platform for the formation of collective events can be an urban symbol. Cultural and identity buildings, markets, nodes, hangouts, historical spaces play the role of urban landmarks and with the help of forming an accurate and clear mental image of the city, they shape the physical identity of the urban space. As a result, they are effective in promoting a place attachment. Today, the signs in urban spaces have faded, and this issue has become an introduction to weakening place attachment in urban neighborhoods, and further strongly affects the meaning of urban spaces. Zanjan city is one of the cities with a long history and identity and signs of urban indicators have undergone social changes during different periods, and now the physical space of the city is such that the indicators and signs of identity can be clearly found in the neighborhoods of the city. Therefore, in this study, the aim is to investigate the effect of urban signs on place attachment. In this regard, six neighborhoods of Zanjan have been studied and compared as examples of this study.

The present research is applied and descriptive-analytical research in terms of purpose and method, respectively. Data collection was done by documentary-library method and field method. In total, 300 questionnaires were prepared in these six neighborhoods, which 50 questionnaires were distributed equally in each neighborhood. To check the (formal) validity of the questionnaire, the opinions of university professors, experts and relevant specialists have been used, and also to check its reliability, pretest has been used. In this way, 30 questionnaires were distributed and completed outside the study area and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient calculated for different parts of the questionnaire, was higher than 0.7 which show the reliability of the instrument. A completely randomized questionnaire was used to distribute the questionnaire in the study area. SPSS software, Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression tests were exerted to analyze the collected data in accordance with the research questions.

According to the results, the place attachment of the six neighborhoods is as follows:The place attachment of the residents in Sabzeh Maidan neighborhood 70%, Saadi neighborhood 52%, Black Alley neighborhood 64%, Ansarieh neighborhood 64%, Golshahr neighborhood 48% and Karmandan neighborhood 62%.Correlation coefficient test also shows a significant and high intensity linear relationship. From the results of linear regression, it is clear that the value of the determined coefficient is equal to 0.511, which indicates the ability of the independent variable to explain the variance of the dependent variable. That is, the independent variable explains 51% of the dependent changes, and the rest of these changes, known as the error quantity squares, are influenced by non-model variables. Also, the value of Watson's camera is equal to 1.45, which indicates that the remains are independent of each other.

Findings show that people with a high place attachment have many signs in their mind maps of the neighborhood. These people refer to symptoms that are physical and functional and belong to both physical and functional forms. Most of these people are located in historically and middle-aged neighborhoods where there are more signs. In the second level, people with average place attachment are in the middle and historical neighborhoods. These people also had the most signs in their cognitive maps that were of physical and activity type. They also belonged to a physical and active species. Finally, last level show people with a low place attachment were mostly living in new neighborhoods, where they indicated fewer signs in their mind maps, and these signs were mostly purely physical or purely functional.Findings show that there is a direct relationship between the signs of urban spaces and the place attachment with 0.623% and with a strong and significant intensity. This means that with the increase in the number of urban space signs in the studied areas, the place attachment also increases among the residents. And with the expansion of this, more suitable conditions and context are provided to promote the place attachment in the neighborhoods. In general, we can point to the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable of approval and a significant relationship between them.

Recently, studies show that in Iran, measures have been taken to achieve knowledge-based development, but due to lack of understanding of the concept of knowledge assets and its resources, the nature of knowledge development and its pattern is not clear. There is no written plan to move towards the urban development of knowledge-based people, and in the meantime, Tehran metropolis is facing major challenges in achieving the development of knowledge-based people, in fact due to the lack of formal institutions specific action plans, knowledge-based urban development with the efficiency of a specific legal agenda, has never had an executive guarantee. On the other hand, considering the effects of the knowledge period on the spatial structure of Tehran and taking advantage of the opportunities of the knowledge period and knowledge economy in the development process of Tehran and coordination with the global trend, the need to address how to establish knowledge-based urban development in Tehran city justifies. In view of the above, the main problem of research is neglect and insufficient attention to the main driving engine such as knowledge as value-creating capital and attention to knowledge-based urban development as an alternative to contemporary urban development through capacity measurement to create knowledge, innovation and creativity in order to achieve the city of knowledge. According to what has been said, the main purpose of the research is to present a conceptual model of explaining the knowledge-based urban development in Tehran, based on the interpretive structural modeling approach.

This research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and in terms of method is in the category of descriptive-analytical research. Data collection is based on documentary studies and also in the form of content analysis and specialized interviews with experts (Delphi). The data collection tool is a questionnaire that creates the ISM method for purposeful sampling. The statistical population includes professors and PhD students in urban planning of the University of Science and Technology, Research Sciences and North Tehran, of which a sample of 20 is considered. To assess the validity of the extracted indices, the Delphi technique was used. For this purpose, a questionnaire with 18 proportional indices was designed and the panel members were asked to vote on the appropriateness of the appropriate components with Tehran city based on the Likert scale. The results were analyzed by SPSS software which based on this, finally 11 components have an average higher than 3.

After identifying the main and effective components on the knowledge-based urban development based on content analysis, 11 components have been selected based on the Delphi technique appropriate to Tehran metropolis. The modeling process includes steps as following:1-Formation of structural self-interaction matrix, in this step, experts were asked to examine the relationship between the components in pairs.2-Formation of access matrix, the initial access matrix is obtained by converting the self-interactive structural matrix into a dual value matrix (zero-one).3-Leveling and modeling the factors affecting the urban development of Tehran metropolitan scholars, in the ISM graph, the interrelationships and influence between the components and the relationship of the components of different levels are visible.This model is designed in four levels and three layers. The first layer (fourth level) is related to the basic factors of knowledge-based urban development in Tehran metropolis, which includes human capital, place of knowledge and human knowledge. The second layer includes the structural features of knowledge-based urban development in Tehran metropolis, which includes the components of the third and second levels. The third level includes the components of knowledge-based economy, knowledge management and quality of physical environment and urban activities. The second level includes technology and communication, knowledge interaction and exchange, infrastructure, cultural capital and social capital, and finally the third layer is the goal of knowledge-based urban development, which includes the first level component of achieving a sustainable and quality place to live.

This research provides a new insight and knowledge of the nature of knowledge-based urban development in Tehran metropolis, which identifies the priorities for action in the decision-making space. Factors affecting the future of knowledge-based urban development in Tehran metropolis are classified into four levels. In the ISM graph, the interrelationships and influence between the components and the relationship of the components of different levels are visible, which leads to a better understanding of the decision-making space. The results of the article show that in terms of penetration power, the two components of human capital and human knowledge with the influence of 10 and 9, respectively, have the highest influence and impact, and are considered as stimulus or motivator of knowledge-based urban development in Tehran. In contrast, the component of environmental sustainability with a power level of 1 has the least influence on achieving knowledge-based urban development in Tehran. Also, the two components of social capital and knowledge interaction and exchange with a rate of 9 have the highest dependence on other components. In other words, many factors are involved in creating and promoting these components, and they can be less likely to change and influence the achievement of knowledge-based urban development in Tehran metropolis. On the other hand, a review of the results obtained from other researchers also confirms the accuracy and correctness of the research’s results and the following can be summarized in the form of suggestions:1: Knowledge-based culture, 2: Knowledge market 3: Knowledge-Based management, 4: Knowledge-Based activities, 5: Development of innovation centers and other necessary institutions, 6: Entrepreneurial university, 7: Continuous innovation, 8: Consider startups and role of science and technology parks in the upstream documents. 9: Realize entrepreneurial governance.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, many cities needed planning and design to improve their living conditions due to the Industrial Revolution. Many ideas came up in this regard, one of the most interesting ideas was the attention of designers and planners of the idea of neighbourhood units, which was put forward by Clarence Perry. On the other hand, according to the United Nations, by 2050, nearly 70% of the world's population will live in these cities. The rapid growth of cities, which leads to major problems in the development of most countries in the world. As population growth and urbanization increase, there is an urgent need to improve living and social conditions in today's neighbourhoods. Neighbourhood are considered to be the most important urban element that creates social and economic stability of urban areas, and provides and perpetuates social ties. A neighbourhood is considered sustainable when it meets the criteria of sustainability in relation to environmental construction, urban design and architecture. One of the efforts of sustainable neighborhoods is to reduce pollution and energy consumption in buildings. On the other hand, the advancement of science and technology, in addition to many achievements for human comfort and well-being, has always brought problems for human beings. In this context, the two major crises that threaten the future of humanity are the issue of energy and the depletion of fossil energy sources, and the other is the destructive and polluting effects of the environment due to the improper use of these fuels. All these issues and problems lead to reduce the aggravation of these destructive effects. This can be solved by reducing energy consumption and replacing it with clean and renewable energy, especially in buildings and housing that consume large amounts of energy in neighbourhood, and with these approaches, costs can be reduced through recycling of building materials and energy consumption significantly decreased.

The present research is descriptive, analytical and surveying. Data collection is a library and field. A questionnaire was used to collect information from observational studies. The statistical population of the present study is the population of Valiasr neighbourhood of Tabriz, 98522 people. The sample size was obtained through Cochran's formula which was equal to 382 people. The sampling method is simple random. The Likert scale was used to answer the respondents and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was exerted for the validity of the questions which was equal to 0.87. Shannon entropy weighting technique and Pearson correlation coefficient method were also exploited to analyze the data, which was obtained through SPSS software. The used questionnaire in this research consists of two general sections, the first of which deals with personal and general characteristics. The second part includes the main indicators and items of the research.

To evaluate sustainable neighbourhoods with zero energy buildings by recycling waste in Valiasr neighbourhood of Tabriz in order to reduce pollution, save energy, create welfare, security and sustainability in the environment, the indicators were studied and the considered indicators are reflected in the form of a questionnaire. Using SPSS software, the average and ranking of indicators have been discussed. Among the proposed indicators, increasing the beauty of the environment with an average of 0.85, and reducing recyclable building materials with an average of 0.80, respectively, have the highest rank, and cost reduction with an average of 0.40, has the lowest rank. Regression test was used to evaluate the sustainable neighbourhoods with zero energy building by recycling waste in Valiasr neighbourhood of Tabriz in order to reduce pollution, save energy, create welfare, security and stability in the environment. Based on the level of significance obtained 0.000, there is a significant and positive relationship between sustainable neighbourhoods with zero energy building with waste recycling in Valiasr neighbourhood of Tabriz in order to reduce pollution, save energy, create welfare, security and stability in the environment.

Theories and approaches to urban planning encourage design principles to improve the planning process and the sustainability of cities. They encourage citizens to take responsibility for maintaining, changing and transforming their neighbourhood. Neighbourhoods should be compact, friendly, beautiful and attractive with mixed land uses and without pollution and reduce energy consumption with low-energy buildings (zero energy). Today, due to the expansion of urbanization, neighbourhoods face challenges and urban threats, which have environmental, social and economic effects on any future development. Therefore, the neighbourhood design process is essential to achieve sustainability. As a result of the dependence of human life on non-renewable energy sources in today's world, we are witnessing more than ever the destruction and pollution of the environment. The use of zero energy buildings and recycling of materials and waste in urban areas can help the sustainability of neighbourhoods and reduce pollution in them.

The collected statistics by the United Nations in 1991 shows that in the mid-1990 about 45% or 5.4 billion people of the world population lived in the cities or towns. It has been predicted that in 2025 this population reaches 65%. The growth of population along with the increasing proportion of urbanization and its continued growth lead to the detrimental consequences and create problems for the cities. Various studies show that the necessity to deal with the urban livability in relation to the new duties of planning to response the needs of the post-industrial society, which is seriously seeking facilities and quality of life, has significantly increased on the one hand and the livability has gained a twofold importance, due to the threats facing urban life, on the other hand. According to the livability of the cities is different based on the local and indigenous conditions and characteristics of each city, it is necessary to evaluate and explain the livability of cities, which is the result of the plans and policies, etc. in them. In the meanwhile, Ilam, apart from its appropriate capacities for livability, is far from its parameters due to problems such as environmental pollutions, ethnocentrism, the decrease of the feeling of belonging to the place, being surrounded by the mountains, bourgeoisie, shortage of the land, weariness of the urban texture, unplanned immigration from the villages and suburbs to Ilam and so on. Due to the convergence of the problems and the difficulties, attempts to revive the sustainability and livability of Ilam seem necessary that the scientific recognition of this phenomenon is prerequisite.

The present study, with the consideration of its nature and goal, is an applied research and a descriptive-analytical one by its methodology. The statistical society of the research includes all over 18 male and female citizens living in Ilam. Based on Cochran formula the number of the subjects of the sample to be studied in entire Ilam, with an error of 0.05, was 383 who are distributed with the consideration of the population of the subjects of 18 or higher in each neighborhood. Ilam has been composed of four districts. Three neighborhoods have been selected randomly from each district. The research measurement instrument was the questionnaire along with interview. For this purpose, the livability inventory, containing 48 items, has been evaluated whose reliability has been confirmed based on researches were done. The indices of livability with three main economic, social, and environmental dimensions in Likert level have been measured by the standardized livability inventory. In this research, the effect of these indices (as the dependent variable) on independent variables (views on the cultural atmosphere, the feeling of urban well-being, view on the city’s management, and the feeling of security) have been taken into consideration.

Based on an 18-90 scale, the average of satisfaction with economic livability among the respondents was 49.10 which implies their moderate satisfaction. On the satisfaction with social livability, the average was 55.00 of 19 to 95 which shows their moderate satisfaction. The last dimension was the environmental livability. The average satisfaction with environmental livability was 32.66. as the range of this scale was between 11 to 55, the statistical findings show that the respondents are highly satisfied with environmental livability. The data of regression test show that the value of adjusted R equals 0.211. So, it can be said that the analytical model used has calculated 21.9% change in social livability. In other words, 21.9% of the changes in social livability is predictable based on the variables of views on urban management performance, the feeling of urban well-being, feeling of security, and approaches to the cultural atmosphere. The data od Beta in table 7 shows that the level of the direct effects of independent variables on the feeling of social livability in assessment of well-being feeling was 0.092%, approach to cultural atmosphere was 0.342%, the feeling of urban security was 0.168%, and view on the performance of urban management was 0.092%.

The findings of the research on the satisfaction level with the different aspects of livability indicate that the citizens are moderately satisfied with the city’s economic livability. A review of the indices of economic livability shows that habitation and its quality have the worst quality from among other variables to which the main reason of dissatisfaction refers. The weaknesses of urban transportation infrastructures and inappropriate conditions of employment and low income are the other sources of low satisfaction with economic livability. The average satisfaction with social livability by Ilam citizens has been reported moderate. Satisfaction with social livability can be evaluated in the shadow of its elements. Social cohesiveness as one of the elements of social livability is in a good position under the influence of intellectual backgrounds, beliefs, and the identity elements remained from the traditions and the past. Of the other elements of social livability is the city’s hygienic conditions. Regarding environmental livability as the last aspect of the urban livability, with which the citizens are relatively satisfied, it can be said that during the past years Ilam has been confronting several problems resulting from population growth and the spread of the area of the city, the low per capita of the green space and its unequal distribution, negligence of the indices of environmental sustainability. In the explanatory findings section, the relationship and direct effect of independent research variables on urban livability in all its dimensions were confirmed, that is, the higher the feeling of urban security and the feeling of urban well-being, the higher the positive approach to the cultural atmosphere and to the performance of the urban management.

In underdeveloped countries, women are the first hope for family development and the growth and development of their society. But despite the benefits of women's participation in achieving sustainable development, the statistics of labor force in Iran show that gender inequality leads to the marginal position of women in the labor market. As a half of the population in cities and, of course, in urban worn-out areas, women suffer from intertwined physical, social, and economic problems. One of these strategies is the formation and development of cooperatives for women's employment in these neighborhoods. Cooperatives can greatly solve unemployment problems, increase job opportunities and reduce unemployment. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to provide a platform for creativity with the approach of cooperatives in worn-out textures. These cooperatives provide employment opportunities for women in worn-out areas, so that in the creative city of Rasht, women can take advantage of this opportunity and become empowered.

This study is an applied research in terms of purpose and a quantitative one in aspects of the nature of data. The data of the research have been collected through field studies including questionnaires, interviews, interviews and observations and through library resources in the form of articles and books. The studied statistical population in this study is the number of women living in worn-out texture of Rasht. In order to determine the sample size, multi-stage cluster sampling and Morgan method were used, which 384 questionnaires among women of 4 regions of worn-out textures were allocated and distributed according to the population in each region, and finally 379 questionnaires that were fully answered were analyzed. Cronbach's alpha was used to ensure the reliability of the questionnaire, which was 0.852, that is greater than 0.7 and is acceptable. In order to analyze the information and data, SPSS software and binomial and Friedman tests were used.

In general, the binomial test showed that 99% of the respondents, including 375 women, are willing to work in the food cooperatives of Rasht, which seems to be a very good amount. But the general results of social and family conditions based on the binomial test show that 74%, equivalent to 277 women, have family and social conditions for working in the food cooperative sector of Rasht. Also, in general, 20% of women have the economic conditions to work in the food cooperative sector of Rasht. But the total economic, social and family conditions indicate that 27% of women, equivalent to 101 people, have working conditions in the food cooperative sector of Rasht. Finally, from the conducted studies, 67 women have the opportunity to work in the food cooperatives of Rasht. That is, these people first of all have the necessary desire, and then they have the essential social and family conditions, as well as economic conditions, and finally the possibility of working on them is available. The study of the distribution of these people in the four studied areas of Rasht shows that 44.8%, equivalent to 30 people, 41.8%, equivalent to 28 people, 10.4%, equivalent to 7 people and 3%, equivalent to 2 people are living in District 2, 3, 1, and 4, respectively.

According to statistical analyzes and descriptions in previous seasons, women living in four worn-out areas of Rasht are considered as the statistical population. To achieve the objectives of the research and answer the questions, women living in this area were divided into three levels as women's willingness to work in the Rasht food sector, family-social and economic conditions of women to work in the Rasht food sector and finally the possibility of women working in the sector Food cooperatives. Also, women living in four areas of worn-out texture in the direction of the research, were tested by non-parametric statistical tests such as binomial test and Friedman test. The results of the analysis showed that 99% of women have a high desire to work in the food sector. The average desire of women in these areas was equal to 3.84 (Likert scale). Therefore, it can be concluded from the desire section that there is no problem in the field of women's education and most of them want to work in food cooperatives in Rasht. But in the discussion of family-social and economic conditions, the results indicate that although 74% of women have the necessary social and family conditions to work, only 20% have the necessary economic conditions to work in cooperatives. The main economic problem of women for activity is not having enough income, which makes women unable to provide the minimum amount necessary for activity. Many of them also did not meet the conditions for obtaining a loan from a bank or receiving assistance from a family. Therefore, in order to increase the number of people who are willing but do not have suitable economic conditions, it is necessary to look for an interested investor in the field of food, so that cooperative activities can be started or developed by using of investor capital and women's workforce and expertise. Therefore, the creative city of Rasht can combine the idea of women's employment in the form of food cooperatives to expand cultural industries, flourishing women's culinary arts and entrepreneurship in the field of nutrition and food, branding local food to introduce to the world and develop food tourism and share knowledge and research. Science related to food and nutrition has taken a big step from the stages of preparation to the stages of production, consumption, distribution and even in the form of export.